‘Antioxidant’ is a term that has been known in the general social consciousness for quite sometime now. Most of us know that when something is an antioxidant, that’s a good thing and that you want more of it. Not as many people know what exactly is an antioxidant and what makes it so good for you.
An antioxidant is actually an attribute of many different molecular compounds that allow them to prevent oxidative damage to our cells from free radicals. Harmful substances (for example, pollution, cigarettes, UV rays, and toxins) cause damage by stripping electrons from the surfaces of molecules. Damaged molecules cannot carry our their functions, which impairs the cells they are part of. The immune system then has to come in and clean up the mess, and the body has to repair the damage and regenerate those tissues (if it can). An antioxidant compound can help prevent electron stripping (oxidation) by donating “spare” electrons to the harmful substances, so they no longer need to strip them elsewhere. This is is why having sufficient antioxidants in the body is so important, because without them, the oxidative damage would add up too fast, and the stress on the immune system and the body in general would be to great.
When in comes to the immune system specifically, antioxidants are a critical support system. Free radicals can actually be generated by immune cells as a weapon against invading pathogens such as viruses, and antioxidants are required to “mop them up” when the assault is done. Moreover, immune cells themselves are susceptible to oxidative damage, so those antioxidants will help protect them too. The balance here is very delicate and many illnesses can boil down to an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant systems, both from internal malfunction and from damaging substances from our environment.
